The American Revolution brought significant changes to Philadelphia. The extant city, dominated in design by William Penn’s plan, now needed to wrestle with its size and diversity and to design facilities that would accommodate growth. This lecture looks at the institutions of the late 18th and 19th century that promoted general welfare; accommodated the local, state and federal government; accommodated and encouraged increased trade and manufacturing; reflected the elite status of the merchant class; and began to develop the promise of Philadelphia as a city with parks and green space. Suggested visits in Philadelphia: Fairmount Water Works designed by Frederick Graff (1815), Congress Hall (1787-1789); William Strickland’s Merchant Exchange (1832-1834); and the Powel House (1765). Please note that as the Federal Government is shut down as I post this, that neither the Congress Hall nor the Merchant Exchange are open for visitors.